9月(yue)1日，李(li)克強主持召開國務(wu)院常務(wu)會(hui)議，通過《中華(hua)人民共(gong)和國農產品(pin)質量安全(quan)法（修訂草(cao)案）》。
農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量事關(guan)人(ren)民(min)(min)群眾身體(ti)(ti)健康。會議通過(guo)《中華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和國農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全法(fa)(fa)（修訂草(cao)案）》。草(cao)案全面落實(shi)食品(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)安(an)全“四個最嚴”要求，進一步(bu)加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)經(jing)營全過(guo)程管控(kong)。明確生產(chan)經(jing)營者主體(ti)(ti)責(ze)任、地方政府(fu)屬地責(ze)任和相關(guan)部門監管責(ze)任。建立(li)食用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全追溯(su)制度。完善監督措施(shi)，強化問(wen)責(ze)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，大幅(fu)提高對違法(fa)(fa)違規行為的(de)懲處力度。會議決定(ding)將(jiang)草(cao)案提請全國人(ren)大常委(wei)會審議。 修(xiu)訂(ding)草案明確建立農產品質量(liang)安全全程追溯制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，擬對高(gao)風險農產品實施強制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)追溯。據(ju)悉(xi)，現行《農產品質量(liang)安全法(fa)》2006年頒布實施，共分為八章五十(shi)(shi)六條。修(xiu)訂(ding)后的《農產品質量(liang)安全法(fa)》擬增(zeng)加至八章八十(shi)(shi)四條。其中(zhong)，修(xiu)訂(ding)四十(shi)(shi)五條，新(xin)增(zeng)三十(shi)(shi)條，保留(liu)原法(fa)九條。 監管(guan)對象(xiang)實(shi)現全覆蓋(gai) 修訂草案將個(ge)體農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)、家庭(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)等(deng)納入法(fa)律調(diao)整(zheng)范(fan)圍，由原來只管企(qi)業和合作(zuo)社(she)，擴(kuo)大到覆(fu)蓋所有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)主(zhu)體。現行《農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全法(fa)》的(de)(de)違(wei)法(fa)責任(ren)中(zhong)并無對(dui)個(ge)體農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)和家庭(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)等(deng)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者的(de)(de)處罰規定。實踐中(zhong)，對(dui)于(yu)一些個(ge)體違(wei)法(fa)行為，大多依(yi)據《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥管理條例(li)》、《國務院關于(yu)加強(qiang)食品(pin)等(deng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全監(jian)督管理的(de)(de)特別規定》等(deng)法(fa)規執行。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部指(zhi)出(chu)，有(you)必要在(zai)法(fa)律中(zhong)明確將個(ge)體農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)、家庭(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)等(deng)納入監(jian)管范(fan)圍。此(ci)外，針(zhen)對(dui)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全法(fa)》適用范(fan)圍不明確的(de)(de)問題，修訂草案在(zai)第三條對(dui)監(jian)管范(fan)圍進行了明確規定。 修訂草案參(can)照《食品安全法》的法律責(ze)任條款，提(ti)(ti)高罰(fa)款金(jin)額，增加行政(zheng)拘留(liu)等處(chu)罰(fa)方式(shi)，強化與刑事(shi)司法銜接，提(ti)(ti)高違(wei)法成本(ben)。 現行《農(nong)產品質量安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》所(suo)(suo)設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)處罰(fa)額(e)度(du)(du)大多為2000元以(yi)(yi)上(shang)20000元以(yi)(yi)下，且沒有(you)(you)與(yu)違法(fa)所(suo)(suo)得掛(gua)鉤，違法(fa)成(cheng)本較低。修訂(ding)草案按照“最嚴厲的(de)(de)處罰(fa)”要求，整體(ti)(ti)提(ti)高了各(ge)類違法(fa)行為的(de)(de)處罰(fa)額(e)度(du)(du)。同時考(kao)慮到農(nong)產品生產經(jing)營主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)差異性，對規模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)主體(ti)(ti)和個體(ti)(ti)農(nong)戶的(de)(de)處罰(fa)力度(du)(du)進行了一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)區分，設置不同的(de)(de)處罰(fa)幅度(du)(du)。另外，也(ye)充分考(kao)慮與(yu)近年修訂(ding)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)關法(fa)律法(fa)規所(suo)(suo)設置的(de)(de)處罰(fa)額(e)度(du)(du)保持一(yi)致。對情節嚴重的(de)(de)違法(fa)犯罪行為，采取行政(zheng)拘留、移(yi)送(song)公安(an)等處罰(fa)措施。 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)是農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的載體(ti)，是實施(shi)“從田間到(dao)(dao)餐(can)桌”的全過程質量控制(zhi)的重要環節。農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)的土(tu)壤、農(nong)(nong)用水容(rong)易受到(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)、工業(ye)(ye)排放(fang)等污染(ran)，一(yi)旦污染(ran)物(wu)進入(ru)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境，就很難(nan)消除，會在(zai)土(tu)壤中富集(ji)，并隨(sui)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)根(gen)系進入(ru)植(zhi)株，危害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全，最終影響人體(ti)健(jian)(jian)康和(he)(he)生命安(an)全。2006年出(chu)臺的《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)安(an)全管理(li)辦法》規定，縣級以上人民(min)政府農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)行政管理(li)部門應當建立健(jian)(jian)全農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)安(an)全監(jian)測管理(li)制(zhi)度，加強農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)安(an)全調查、監(jian)測和(he)(he)評價(jia)工作(zuo)。 為(wei)進一步加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境保護，從源頭(tou)上保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)，修訂草案將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地安全(quan)(quan)監測制(zhi)度上升為(wei)法律(lv)規定(ding)，并將(jiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地安全(quan)(quan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)協同監測結果，作為(wei)特定(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)禁(jin)止(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)區域劃(hua)定(ding)的(de)重要依據。 修訂(ding)草(cao)案還規定，建(jian)立(li)農(nong)業投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)追溯(su)制(zhi)度(du)，鼓勵(li)研發推廣使用低毒低殘留(liu)農(nong)藥獸藥，科(ke)學(xue)指導農(nong)業投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)減量使用技術(shu)。利用信(xin)息化手段，實施電(dian)子追溯(su)碼(ma)標(biao)識制(zhi)度(du)，形成功(gong)能完善(shan)、信(xin)息準(zhun)(zhun)確、實時在線(xian)的投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)查(cha)詢(xun)和追溯(su)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)，可(ke)以有(you)效解決(jue)投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)“從哪(na)里來(lai)，到哪(na)里去”的問(wen)題，更好地對可(ke)能存(cun)在的違法行為(wei)進行精準(zhun)(zhun)打(da)擊，確保(bao)投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)和農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的質量安全。 此外，修訂(ding)草案將引(yin)導、推廣農產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的實施主體(ti)擴大(da)到縣(xian)級以上人民政(zheng)府，以更(geng)好鼓勵引(yin)導各類(lei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營主體(ti)推進農產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。 2001年，原農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部啟動“無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)行動計(ji)劃”，全(quan)面推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)監管工作(zuo)。無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)作(zuo)為實施(shi)“無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)行動計(ji)劃”的重要(yao)措施(shi)，在推進(jin)規模主體標準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)、保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)方面發揮了重要(yao)作(zuo)用，并寫入現行《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)法》。隨著我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟轉向(xiang)高質量發展階段，同時(shi)《食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)法》對食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)出新(xin)的規定，繼續開展無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)已不符合新(xin)時(shi)期農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)工作(zuo)新(xin)要(yao)求(qiu)。因(yin)此(ci)，修訂草案刪除原法第三(san)十二條(tiao)中關(guan)于無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)標志的有關(guan)表述(shu)。 食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證是指(zhi)食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)對所生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)自行開具(ju)的(de)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)合(he)格(ge)(ge)標識。食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證管(guan)理(li)是在(zai)目(mu)前兩段制(zhi)(zhi)監管(guan)體制(zhi)(zhi)下連接生產(chan)(chan)(chan)與銷售的(de)有效管(guan)理(li)方(fang)式，2016年，原農(nong)(nong)業部在(zai)河(he)北、黑龍江(jiang)、浙江(jiang)、山東、湖南、陜(shan)西等6省開展(zhan)主(zhu)要食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證管(guan)理(li)試點，取得了積極進展(zhan)。但(dan)是從試點經(jing)(jing)驗看，由于缺乏上位(wei)法(fa)依據，全(quan)(quan)面推進合(he)格(ge)(ge)證制(zhi)(zhi)度存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)障(zhang)礙。農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村部提出，需要在(zai)法(fa)律(lv)層面明確食用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證的(de)法(fa)律(lv)地位(wei)。 農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)體系建設(she)是加強(qiang)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全監(jian)管的(de)(de)重要(yao)抓手。目(mu)前農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)管理總體上仍處于起步階段，各地追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)試點(dian)相對分(fen)散，追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)內容和要(yao)求各式(shi)各樣，追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)信(xin)息(xi)不(bu)能共享，難以發揮出應有的(de)(de)作用。另外(wai)，農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)豐富(fu)、流通量(liang)(liang)大，產(chan)加銷鏈條長、環節多，現行(xing)(xing)分(fen)段管理模式(shi)下，各部(bu)門很難做(zuo)到質量(liang)(liang)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)無(wu)縫(feng)銜接。因此(ci)有必要(yao)與市(shi)場監(jian)管部(bu)門建立全程(cheng)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)協作機制。同時，從發達國家經驗看，并不(bu)是對所有農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)都實行(xing)(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)管理，而大多選(xuan)取風險隱(yin)患高的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)開展追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)。因此(ci)，修訂草案明確建立農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全全程(cheng)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)制度，對高風險農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)實施(shi)強(qiang)制性(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)(su)。 為賦予(yu)社(she)(she)會各界對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全的監(jian)督權利，體(ti)現(xian)社(she)(she)會共(gong)治(zhi)的理(li)(li)念，修訂草案(an)進一步完(wan)善(shan)了(le)投(tou)訴舉(ju)報(bao)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，并將現(xian)行《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全法》中有關檢舉(ju)、揭發和(he)(he)控告(gao)等(deng)用詞統一改為投(tou)訴舉(ju)報(bao)。同時，修訂草案(an)增加(jia)了(le)信(xin)用管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。修訂草案(an)要求縣級(ji)以上人民政府農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村、市(shi)場監(jian)督管理(li)(li)等(deng)部門(men)應(ying)當加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全信(xin)用體(ti)系建(jian)設，建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)信(xin)用記(ji)錄，實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全守(shou)信(xin)聯合(he)激勵(li)和(he)(he)失信(xin)聯合(he)懲戒(jie)，推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全信(xin)用信(xin)息的應(ying)用和(he)(he)管理(li)(li)。 推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)等分(fen)級(ji)，鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)發展(zhan)安全優質綠色農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公共品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌。修訂草案新增(zeng)了相(xiang)應條(tiao)款(kuan)，規定(ding)國(guo)家鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業協會、企(qi)業等主體(ti)及地方農(nong)業農(nong)村等部門制定(ding)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質標準，推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分(fen)等分(fen)級(ji)。 現行《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安全(quan)法》對加強農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品基地建(jian)(jian)設已作出(chu)規定。但是，隨著我國經濟由高速(su)增長(chang)階段(duan)轉變(bian)為高質量發(fa)展的(de)(de)新階段(duan)，農(nong)業農(nong)村形勢也發(fa)生(sheng)了很大變(bian)化，廣大人民群眾對安全(quan)綠色優(you)質農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)需求越來越大。為此，修訂草案在關(guan)于基地建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)法條中進行修改，刪去不適宜(yi)的(de)(de)表述，明確提出(chu)加強綠色食品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地等的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設，提高綠色優(you)質農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力。
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